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How to grow corn

How to grow corn

Corn is one of the most popular and rewarding crops for gardeners to grow at home. Known for its sweet, delicious kernels, corn thrives in warm weather and requires full sun and nutrient-rich soil to produce bountiful harvests. Growing corn can be simple and satisfying, even for beginner gardeners, as long as you provide adequate space, sunlight, and water.

How to grow corn from seed

Growing corn from seed is easy but requires warmth and the right timing. Choose high-quality corn seeds suitable for your growing conditions, such as sweet corn varieties for fresh eating. Sow seeds directly outdoors once soil temperatures reach at least 60°F (16°C). Plant seeds about 1 to 2 inches deep into fertile, well-draining soil. Corn prefers to be planted in blocks rather than rows, as this improves pollination. Water seeds gently after planting, and keep the soil moist until seedlings appear, usually within 7 to 10 days.

When to plant corn

Corn is a warm-season crop and should only be planted after all risk of frost has passed and soil temperatures consistently reach 60°F (16°C) or higher, typically in late spring or early summer. If planted too early, cool soil can cause poor germination or stunted growth. You can also stagger plantings every two weeks for successive harvests throughout the growing season.

How far apart to plant corn

Corn should be spaced about 10 to 12 inches apart within rows. Rows should be placed around 24 to 36 inches apart. Planting corn in blocks at least four rows wide improves pollination, which is critical for full-ear development. Proper spacing promotes good airflow, reduces competition for resources, and helps prevent disease.

How much space corn needs

Corn plants are large and need ample space to thrive. Each plant typically grows 6 to 8 feet tall and requires enough space for roots and leaves to expand fully. Adequate spacing (at least 10 to 12 inches between plants and 24 to 36 inches between rows) ensures the corn has room to absorb sunlight, nutrients, and moisture without competition.

Does corn need a trellis

Corn does not require a trellis. The sturdy, upright stems are self-supporting. However, because corn grows tall, it can be vulnerable to strong winds. If your garden is exposed, planting corn in sheltered areas or using windbreaks, such as fences or hedges, can help protect your plants from damage.

Where to plant corn

Corn thrives in locations with full sun, receiving at least 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Choose an area with rich, well-drained soil and good fertility. Adding compost or well-rotted manure before planting greatly improves yields. Avoid areas prone to standing water, as corn roots are sensitive to overly wet conditions.

How much sunlight corn needs

Corn needs full sun—8 to 10 hours of direct sunlight daily—to grow and produce abundant, healthy ears. While it can survive in partial shade, yields will significantly decrease without adequate sun exposure. Ensure your planting location is not shaded by structures or large trees, allowing the corn plants to grow vigorously and develop fully mature ears.

What temperature corn grows in

Corn grows best in consistently warm weather, ideally between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). Temperatures above 90°F (32°C) or below 60°F (16°C) can negatively affect growth and pollination, reducing yield. Plant your corn when temperatures stabilize in this optimal range to promote rapid growth and healthy ear development.

Can corn handle frost

Corn is sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. A frost or freeze can damage or kill young corn plants and halt the growth of mature plants. Always plant corn after the last frost date in your region. If an unexpected frost is forecast after planting, cover seedlings with frost cloth or blankets for protection.

How much water corn needs

Corn requires consistently moist soil, especially during germination, tasseling, and ear development stages. Aim to provide about 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week through rainfall or supplemental irrigation. Deep, regular watering encourages strong root systems and helps ensure good pollination and ear formation.

How often to water corn

Water corn deeply at least once per week, increasing frequency during dry, hot weather. Regularly check the moisture level of your soil by pushing your finger into the ground; if the top inch or two is dry, it's time to water. Mulching around corn plants can retain soil moisture and reduce watering frequency.

How long corn takes to grow

Corn typically matures between 70 and 100 days after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Early-season varieties can be ready as soon as 60 to 70 days, while mid- and late-season types can take 80 to 100 days. Check your seed packet for variety-specific information to estimate harvest timing accurately.

When to harvest/pick corn

Harvest corn when the silk at the tip of each ear turns brown and dry, usually about three weeks after the silk appears. Corn kernels should be plump and emit a milky liquid when punctured. Harvest timing is critical for peak sweetness and tenderness; too early, and kernels will be watery, too late, and they'll become tough and starchy.

How to harvest/pick corn

Harvest corn by gripping the ear firmly and twisting it downward until it snaps free from the stalk. Use a sharp knife or pruning shears if you prefer. Harvest in the morning when it's cooler for maximum freshness. Cook or refrigerate immediately after picking, as corn's sugar content declines quickly once harvested.

Can you grow corn indoors

Growing corn indoors is generally impractical due to its size and sunlight requirements. Corn plants are tall, require extensive vertical space, and need intense, direct sunlight that's challenging to replicate indoors, even with grow lights. Outdoor planting is strongly recommended for successful cultivation.

How to grow corn in pots/containers

Corn can be grown in large pots or containers, although yields may be limited compared to planting in the ground. Choose a container at least 18 inches deep and wide, with drainage holes. Plant several seeds per container and thin seedlings to two plants per container. Use fertile, well-draining potting soil, water regularly, and place the container in a sunny spot receiving at least 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Container-grown corn requires frequent watering and fertilizing due to limited soil volume.